福建柏优树子代苗期性状遗传变异和生长节律研究

福建柏 (Fokieniahodginsii)是柏科 (Cupressaceae)福建柏属的唯一种 ,为我国特有的第一批珍稀濒危二级保护植物。因其生长较快、材质较好、栽培管理较容易、病虫害较少 ,因此是值得推广的优良用材树种 (杨宗武等 ,1 998;中国树木志编辑委员会 ,1 983;高兆蔚 ,1 994)。近年来 ,福建柏作为珍贵建筑材树种和抗逆性强的造林树种已越来越被重视 ,在南方各省区已成为杉木二代更新不可多得的好树种 ,推广前景广阔 (盛炜彤等 ,1 992 )。因此 ,开展福建柏的遗传改良研究 ,选育优良的遗传材料供生产推广应用 ,具有重要的意义。鉴于此 ,笔者从 1 998年开始进行福建柏优树选择、子代测定等工作。目前有关这方面的研究仅有少量有关种源试验苗期阶段的报道 (曾志光等 ,1 998;侯伯鑫等 ,2 0 0 0 ;郑仁华等 ,2 0 0 1 ;杨宗武等 ,2 0 0 1 ) ,而对优树子代测定的研究未见报道。本文主要报道子代苗期性状遗传变异和生长节律 ,以期为进一步研究奠定基础。1　材料与方法1 999年 1 0月中旬至 1 1月上旬 ,对 1 998— 1 999年在福建省和湖南省选...     

山桂花人工林3年生幼林期的施肥效应研究

在云南省孟连县进行了山桂花人工林3年生幼林期施用N、P、K、NP、NPK、NK、KP肥及不施肥(CK)的试验,以观测其施肥效应。通过对各施肥处理的山桂花3年生幼林期林木的胸径、树高、材积、树冠生长的观测、分析,表明在山桂花3年生的幼林期间,对其幼林生长的促进作用。以施用N肥的效果最好;其次是施用NP肥;再次是施用NPK混合肥;第4是施用NK肥;另4种施肥处理(含CK),对山桂花幼树生长的促进作用不大。试验结果还表明,在山桂花3年生的幼林期内,2.5年生基本是其幼林径、高生长的高峰期;而年生长节律显现的是6~10月雨季山桂花林木的生长量比11月~次年5月旱季大得多。     

桉树人工林木材生长应变研究

以我国南方生长较好的4种人工林桉树为研究对象，测试并比较了4种桉树立木的纵向生长应变及其相关性,结果表明：不同桉树种间生长应变差异显著；相同树龄的尾园桉的生长应变与胸径成直线相关。以上结果可为桉树实体木材的加工利用提供借鉴。     

Evaluation of Populus deltoides clones under nursery,field and agrisilviculture system in subhumid tropics of Central India

Populus deltoides Bartr., a native of North America, is generally grown in India above latitude 28 °N. One hundred and six clones were evaluated for four years at Raipur situated at 21°12N latitude and 81°36E longitude. These were grown on vertisol soil. Based on growth and survival performance in the nursery for two successive years, nineteen clones were selected for field evaluation. The best five clones (G3, G48, 65/27, D121 and S7C1) were planted in an agrisilviculture system at a spacing of 4 × 4 m with soybean grown as an intercrop. After 4 years these clones had an increment of DBH by 66.5 to 77.5% and of height by 42.2 to 78.6% within one year when compared to that observed at 3 years of age. In rank order of growth the best five clones were 65/27 > G3 > D121 > G48 > S7C1. Total biomass varied between 20.9 to 35.8 Mg ha^–1 in different clones. Among the tree components, stemwood accounted for 52–61% of the total biomass, followed by branches (20–25%), bark (9–13%) and leaves (7–10%). No significant variation between net primary productivity and photosynthetic efficiency was found in different clones. Soybean productivity decreased as the trees aged, reaching 40.5 to 58.1% in 4-year-old trees.     

不同无土栽培方式对上海青生长量的影响

研究了气雾培、水培和基质栽培3种无土栽培方式对上海青生长量的影响。试验结果表明,生长初期,3种栽培方式下,上海青生长量差异不大;而在生长中后期,水培的上海青叶面积、单株质量等指标明显较优,且水培运转成本相对较低,适宜于大面积推广。     

2种钙肥对菜心生长及品质的影响

采用73.0 mg/L的果蔬钙肥及1.25 g/L、2.5 g/L和3.75 g/L 3种浓度的氯化钙溶液对菜心进行叶面喷施,研究不同钙肥处理对菜心生长及品质的影响。试验结果表明,不同的钙肥处理均可促进菜心的生长发育,提高叶绿素含量、增加菜心的产量、改善菜心品质,但存在差异,73.0 mg/L的果蔬钙肥处理效果最好,低浓度氯化钙处理对菜心产量和品质影响很小,中浓度氯化钙处理影响比较大,高浓度氯化钙处理比中浓度处理效果差。在不同的生长发育期,作用效应有所不同,在菜心生长的初期各钙肥处理影响不大,生长中后期影响比较大。     

沙棘根系模糊聚类及生长分布规律的探讨

本文对黄土残塬沟壑区人工沙棘林单株根系进行了系统研究。结果表明:1.主根龄是影响沙棘单株根系间模糊聚类的决定性因素,幼龄期单株根系间极易聚合,随着主根龄增加,同龄单株根系间差异逐渐加大而较难聚合。2.用灰色Verhoulst模型对单株沙棘根量、根长的变化过程进行描述和预测,当主根龄达到17龄左右时,根系基本停止生长。3.沙棘根量、根长在土体中的垂直分布规律呈双曲函数关系,各实测值与计算值拟合非常贴切。4.沙棘根系密集层随主根龄的增加而加深,最终稳定在0-50cm左右,粗壮根系多集中在该层。文中还建立了沙棘根量与叶量的线性回归方程。     

GROWTH AND YIELD MODELS FOR DAHURIAN LARCH PLANTATIONS

Growth and yield models were developed for individual tress and stands based on336 temporary plots with 405 stem analysis trees of dahurian larch(Larix gmelinii(Rupr.)Rupr.)plantations throughout Daxing’anling mountains.Several equations were selected using nonlinearregression analysis.Results showed that the Richards equation was the best model for estimatingtree height,stand mean helght and stand dominant height from age; The Power equation was thebest model for prediction tree volume from DBH and tree height; The logarithmic stand volumeequation was good for predicting stand volume from age,mean height,basal area and other standvariables.These models can be used to construct the volume table, the site index table and other for-estry tables for dahurian larch plantations.     

Growth and structure development of semi-natural larch-spruce-fir (Larix olgensis–Picea jezoensis–Abies nephrolepis) forests in northeast China: 12-year results after thinning

Analyzing and understanding the structure and growth dynamics of semi-natural plantations is useful for their management. Since 1987, 16 plots with 4 treatments (CT: control; LT: light thinning; MT: medium thinning; and HT: heavy thinning) by 0, 20, 30 and 40% of basal area removal, respectively, and four replications were established in semi-natural larch-spruce-fir forests in northeast China. The structure and growth dynamics of semi-natural larch-spruce-fir stands and the effects of thinning on the growth, structure and diversity were examined. A mixed model repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) was used to test the effects of treatment and time.

Results showed that differences in periodic annual increment (PAI) of stand basal area and volume and the individual diameter and volume among treatments changed over time in a complex statistical interaction. Thinning, however, had a significant effect on growth at tree and stand levels 12 years after thinning while the PAI of the diameter, basal area and volume was positively correlated with thinning intensity. No significant differences were found in the total stand yield among treatments. Composition of tree species group (larch, other conifers and deciduous trees) during monitoring years did not change significantly. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in tree species and size diversity among treatments in the years following thinning. Both thinning and control plots had similar understory plant diversity after the 12 year period. Univariate point pattern analysis revealed that clumped and random distributions were dominant for tree species groups in this study. The current species composition and regeneration dynamics within these semi-natural plantations suggested a development towards mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests. Management implications for the transformation from larch plantations towards mixed broad-leaved Korean forests with a more diverse structure, the climax vegetation in this region, were discussed.     

长白落叶松生长性状早晚相关及早期选择的研究

本文对３０年生９０株人工长白落叶松树干解析生长变异及早期预测进行了研究，结果表明，树高、胸径、材积的变异随着年龄增大而减小，１４～１８龄是生长变异由剧烈分化到趋向稳定的转折年龄，此时树高、胸径、材积等的幼龄至成熟龄相关达极显著水平，选择效率也处在较高水平，确定长白落叶松早期选择年龄为１４年。